Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
Published on: March 22, 2019
Direct Coherent Raman Temperature Imaging and Wideband Chemical Detection in a Hydrocarbon Flat Flame
Alexis Bohlin1, Christopher J Kliewer1
1Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States.
Abstract:
A single-shot coherent Raman imaging technique has been developed for spatially correlated one-dimensional high-fidelity gas-phase thermometry and multiplex chemical detection in flames. The technique utilizes two-beam phase matching, operating a single ultrashort pump/Stokes excitation pulse (7 fs) and a narrowband picosecond probe pulse (70 ps), interrogating a Raman active window of ∼4200 cm(-1) with ∼0.3 cm(-1) spectral resolution. The measurement geometry is formed intersecting the two beams shaped as laser-sheets and the one-coordinate spatial information is retrieved with a linespread function of <40 μm. The advance provides the possibility for the multiplexed measurement of all combustion relevant major species simultaneously with gaseous temperature monitored over a several millimeter field of view. The current technique is optimized in a premixed hydrocarbon flat-flame. At the flame-front, it is shown that direct imaging renders the temperature profile within ∼1% inaccuracy, whereas typical point-wise raster scanning may have relative systematic deviations up to 15% due to spatial averaging effects.
Related Concept Videos
Flame Photometry: Overview
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Flame Photometry: Lab
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I
TCD is the earliest and most widely used detector that operates by measuring the changes in the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas. When a sample compound enters the detector,...
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II
Raman Spectroscopy: Overview
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...

