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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions
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Recent Development in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalysts and Their Practical Implementation.

Peter C K Vesborg1, Brian Seger1, Ib Chorkendorff1

  • 1Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF), Department of Physics, Technical University Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|August 12, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advances in nonprecious metal electrocatalysts, such as MoS2 and Ni2P, offer platinum-like performance for hydrogen evolution reactions. These materials are crucial for addressing global energy challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Science

Background:

  • Electrochemical hydrogen evolution is critical for clean energy production.
  • Platinum-based catalysts are effective but expensive for hydrogen evolution.
  • Developing nonprecious metal alternatives is a key research goal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a perspective on recent advancements in nonprecious metal electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution.
  • To highlight key developments in MoS2 and Ni2P materials.
  • To discuss the role of these catalysts in the context of global energy solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature and research trends.
  • Analysis of catalytic performance data for nonprecious metal electrocatalysts.
  • Discussion of material properties and synthesis methods.

Main Results:

  • Emergence of MoS2 and Ni2P families as high-performance electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution.
  • Demonstration of nearly platinum-like catalytic activity under acidic conditions.
  • Significant progress in the last five years, accelerating catalyst development.

Conclusions:

  • Nonprecious metal electrocatalysts show great promise for efficient and cost-effective hydrogen production.
  • Continued research and development in materials like MoS2 and Ni2P are vital for sustainable energy.
  • These advancements contribute to addressing the global energy problem through clean hydrogen fuel.