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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Development of Human Microbiota01:30

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus
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Introduction. Maternal immunization - Promises and concerns.

Janet A Englund1

  • 1Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 4800 Sand Point Way NE #R5441 MA7.234, Seattle, WA 98105, United States.

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|August 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal immunization offers a vital strategy to safeguard mothers and infants from various pathogens. Prioritizing vaccine targets is crucial for implementing this approach effectively worldwide.

Keywords:
Influenza vaccineMaternal immunizationPertussis vaccineTetanus toxoid vaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Public Health
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Maternal immunization is an emerging strategy to protect both mothers and infants against infectious diseases.
  • This approach leverages the maternal immune system to provide passive immunity to the fetus and neonate.

Discussion:

  • The article reviews potential vaccine targets for maternal immunization.
  • Key considerations including safety, scientific evidence, clinical trial designs, and ethical implications are examined.
  • International perspectives, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), are also discussed.

Key Insights:

  • Maternal immunization is increasingly recognized as a critical public health intervention.
  • A comprehensive understanding of safety, efficacy, and ethical considerations is essential for successful implementation.
  • Tailoring strategies for LMIC is vital for global health equity.

Outlook:

  • Urgent prioritization of vaccine targets for maternal immunization is needed.
  • Continued research and collaboration are essential to advance maternal immunization programs.
  • This approach holds significant promise for reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.