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Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
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Sequence-dependent rotation axis changes and interaction torque use in overarm throwing.

Clint Hansen1,2, Nasser Rezzoug3, Philippe Gorce3

  • 1a Univ Paris-Sud. UR CIAMS, EA 4532 - Motor Control & Perception team , France.

Journal of Sports Sciences
|August 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals how athletes change their arm

Keywords:
Proprioceptionminimum inertia resistance principleoverarm throwingrotational movementssensory-motor tactics

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Overarm throwing involves complex shoulder rotations.
  • Understanding rotation axes is crucial for optimizing performance and preventing injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the exploitation of the minimum inertia axis during overarm throwing.
  • To determine if rotational axes change based on velocity and throwing phase.
  • To assess adherence to the principle of minimum inertia resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a motion capture system to analyze overarm throwing tasks.
  • Calculated minimum inertia, shoulder-centre of mass, and shoulder-elbow axes of rotation.
  • Examined velocity-dependent changes in rotational axes and interaction torque.

Main Results:

  • Limb rotational axes shifted from the minimum inertia axis (cocking phase) to the shoulder-elbow axis (acceleration phase).
  • The use of interaction torque demonstrated a sequence-dependent pattern.
  • Observed velocity-dependent changes in rotational axes during different throwing phases.

Conclusions:

  • Rotational axes dynamically change during overarm throwing, aligning with minimum inertia and shoulder-elbow axes.
  • Sequence-dependent changes in rotation and interaction torque are key to maximizing hand velocity.
  • This research offers insights into the biomechanical strategies employed in maximal velocity throwing.