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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

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Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism,...
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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice
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Bradycardia: sinus and AV node dysfunction.

Cara N Pellegrini1, Melvin M Scheinman

  • 1San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, 111C, 94121, San Francisco, CA, USA, cara.pellegrini@va.gov.

Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie
|August 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The surface electrocardiogram (ECG) is a valuable tool for diagnosing the causes and locations of bradycardia and atrioventricular (AV) block. Bedside maneuvers can assist in complex cases, complementing ECG findings for accurate diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Bradycardia and atrioventricular (AV) block are common cardiac conditions requiring accurate etiological diagnosis.
  • The surface electrocardiogram (ECG) provides crucial diagnostic information but can be challenging to interpret in certain scenarios.
  • Understanding the nuances of ECG interpretation is vital for effective clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic utility of the surface ECG in determining the etiology and site of bradycardia and AV block.
  • To discuss the role of bedside maneuvers in clarifying ambiguous ECG findings.
  • To explore the differential diagnosis of AV block, including nonpathologic mimics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of surface electrocardiogram (ECG) tracings to identify patterns associated with various bradyarrhythmias.
  • Review of clinical scenarios where bedside maneuvers aid in diagnosis.
  • Discussion of the presentation and implications of sinus node dysfunction and AV block.

Main Results:

  • The surface ECG effectively aids in inferring the etiology of bradycardia and the site of AV block.
  • Bedside maneuvers are beneficial in diagnosing 2:1 AV block and resolving discordant ECG data.
  • Wenckebach conduction and Mobitz II AV block have specific ECG characteristics, with nonpathologic mimics to consider.

Conclusions:

  • The surface ECG is a cornerstone in diagnosing bradycardia and AV block, offering insights into etiology and location.
  • Clinical maneuvers can enhance diagnostic accuracy in challenging cases.
  • Comprehensive ECG interpretation, considering various conduction abnormalities and sinus node dysfunction, is essential for patient care.