Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Potentiation of a Porous Silicon Therapeutic Vaccine in Colorectal Cancer via Oxaliplatin-Mediated Regulation of Myeloid-Driven Immunosuppression.

Journal of functional biomaterials·2026

Same author

Integrative Approaches to Treating Cellular Senescence in Kidney Disease.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Same author

Rethinking Extracellular Vesicle Signaling.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Same author

Targeting cellular senescence in diabetic kidney disease: potential of regenerative, cell-based therapies and other senotherapeutic approaches.

Kidney international·2026

Same author

Donor-dependent heterogeneity in therapeutic effects of adipose tissue extracellular vesicles.

Cell communication and signaling : CCS·2025

Same author

Extracellular Vesicles and B Cell Interactions: B-Side Track or Greatest Hit?

ACS nano·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Multistage vector (MSV) therapeutics.

Joy Wolfram¹, Haifa Shen², Mauro Ferrari³

¹Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society

|August 13, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Controlled drug delivery faces challenges from biological barriers. Multifunctional nanomedicine, like multistage vectors (MSVs), offers a promising solution for overcoming these obstacles and improving therapeutic agent distribution.

Keywords:

Biological barriers Cancer therapy Geometrical targeting Porous silicon Transport oncophysics

More Related Videos

Generating Recombinant Avian Herpesvirus Vectors with CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing

Generating Recombinant Avian Herpesvirus Vectors with CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing

Published on: January 7, 2019

Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus AAV Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling

Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus AAV Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling

Published on: April 2, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Generating Recombinant Avian Herpesvirus Vectors with CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing

Generating Recombinant Avian Herpesvirus Vectors with CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing

Published on: January 7, 2019

Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus AAV Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling

Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus AAV Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling

Published on: April 2, 2012

Area of Science:

Medicine
Biotechnology
Nanotechnology

Background:

Systemic drug administration is hindered by biological barriers, impacting localized delivery to diseased tissues.
These barriers include physical compartmentalization, pressure gradients, and physiological excretion pathways.
Overcoming these diverse obstacles necessitates advanced, multifunctional drug delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the role of multifunctionality in nanomedicine.
To focus on multistage vectors (MSVs) as a key example of multifunctional platforms.
To highlight how MSVs address sequential transport barriers in drug delivery.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on nanomedicine and drug delivery systems.
Focus on the design and function of multistage vectors (MSVs).
Analysis of how MSV components (microparticles, nanoparticles, small molecules) are sequentially activated.

Main Results:

Multifunctional nanomedicine, particularly MSVs, demonstrates potential for overcoming biological barriers.
MSVs integrate multiple components that activate sequentially to address transport challenges.
This sequential activation strategy enhances the controlled distribution of therapeutic agents.

Conclusions:

Multifunctionality is crucial for advanced nanomedicine platforms.
Multistage vectors (MSVs) represent a promising approach for targeted drug delivery.
MSVs offer a strategy to overcome sequential biological barriers for improved therapeutic outcomes.