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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Treatment of Liver Metastases Using an Internal Target Volume Method for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
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Targeted Therapy in Biliary Tract Cancers.

Amartej Merla1, Kenneth G Liu, Lakshmi Rajdev

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Summary

Targeted therapies are revolutionizing cancer treatment, but none are approved for biliary tract cancers. This review explores molecular pathways and potential targets for personalized biliary cancer drugs.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Personalized cancer therapeutics represent a paradigm shift in oncology.
  • Targeted therapies (e.g., erlotinib, trastuzumab, cetuximab) are approved for lung, breast, and colon cancers.
  • Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) lack approved targeted therapies despite ongoing clinical trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review molecular pathways implicated in biliary tract cancers.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for novel BTC treatments.
  • To bridge the gap between targeted therapy advancements and BTC clinical application.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular pathways in BTC.
  • Analysis of targeted therapy approvals in other cancers.
  • Discussion of current standard of care (cisplatin and gemcitabine) in metastatic BTC.

Main Results:

  • Various molecular pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of BTCs.
  • Despite rarity and heterogeneity, BTCs are grouped in clinical trials.
  • No targeted therapies are currently approved for BTC.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding BTC molecular heterogeneity is crucial for developing targeted treatments.
  • Identifying specific molecular targets could lead to personalized therapeutic strategies for BTC.
  • Further research into molecular pathways may unlock new targeted drug approvals for biliary tract cancers.