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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

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Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Dorsal Skin of Hamsters: a Useful Model for the Screening of Antileishmanial Drugs

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Dorsal Skin of Hamsters: a Useful Model for the Screening of Antileishmanial Drugs

Published on: April 21, 2012

Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis in coexistence with leprosy.

Ninon A R Patrao¹, Ramesh M Bhat¹, Sukumar Dandekeri¹

¹Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Father Muller Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

International Journal of Dermatology

|August 13, 2015

Summary

This case report details a rare co-infection of leprosy and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis in coastal Karnataka, India. It highlights the importance of considering co-infections in endemic areas.

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Published on: July 29, 2021

Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Immunology
Dermatology

Background:

Cutaneous leishmaniasis and leprosy are significant global health issues caused by intracellular pathogens.
Both diseases share similarities including mucocutaneous involvement, chronic granulomatous responses, and impact on impoverished tropical populations.

Observation:

Co-infection with leprosy and cutaneous leishmaniasis is infrequently reported.
Leprosy is diagnosed in coastal Karnataka, India, but cutaneous leishmaniasis is rare in this region.

Findings:

This report describes a unique case of concurrent leprosy and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis.
The patient presented with symptoms of both diseases simultaneously.

Implications:

This case underscores the need for heightened awareness of co-infections in endemic regions.
Further research may elucidate the immunological interactions between these two distinct intracellular infections.