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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
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Pain in systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases.

Fabiola Atzeni1, Ignazio Francesco Masala2, Fausto Salaffi3

  • 1IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
|August 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis pain often stems from multiple sources, including central pain regulation issues. Distinguishing this from chronic widespread pain is crucial for effective, cost-efficient treatment strategies.

Keywords:
ArthritidesChronic painInflammationPharmacological therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Pain Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis cause disabling pain with central and peripheral origins.
  • Inflammatory pain is partially managed by NSAIDs, but central pain dysregulation persists in many patients.
  • Chronic widespread pain (CWP), similar to fibromyalgia, complicates pain management in these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the multifactorial nature of pain in RA and spondyloarthritis.
  • To emphasize the importance of differentiating inflammatory pain from CWP.
  • To discuss comprehensive pain management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of pain mechanisms in inflammatory arthritis.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for inflammatory pain versus CWP.
  • Consideration of pharmacological, biological, and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

  • Pain in RA and spondyloarthritis frequently involves both peripheral inflammation and central sensitization.
  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs offer incomplete relief for many patients.
  • Concomitant CWP increases healthcare costs and treatment complexity.

Conclusions:

  • Effective pain management requires a multimodal approach, addressing both inflammatory and central pain components.
  • Distinguishing CWP is vital for appropriate and cost-effective therapeutic selection.
  • Integrated treatment strategies, including novel analgesics and disease-modifying therapies, are essential for improving patient outcomes.