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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Connective Tissues01:11

Introduction to Connective Tissues

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Connective tissues are one of the four main tissue types in humans that are extensively present in the body. They are characterized by cells embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of a ground substance and three main types of protein fibers— collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. The ground substance of connective tissues can range from a watery and jelly-like consistency to mineralized and hard. The wide variety of cells in the connective tissues include fibroblasts,...
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Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

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Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
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Layers of Connective Tissue Proper01:21

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Fascia, a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue, is distributed throughout the body. It demarcates and forms a supportive covering over skeletal muscles, bones, blood vessels, and organs. There are three main types of facia— superficial fascia, deep fascia, and subserous fascia. These are all present at different depths in the body. Fascia reduces the friction and permits muscles, joints, and organs to easily slide against each other, facilitating movement of the body and preventing...
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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Pain in systemic connective tissue diseases.

Manuela Di Franco1, Laura Bazzichi2, Roberto Casale3

  • 1Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
|August 13, 2015
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Summary

Pain is common in connective tissue diseases (CTDs), especially systemic sclerosis (SSc) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Identifying pain origins in CTDs is crucial for effective patient management and avoiding over-treatment.

Keywords:
Chronic painConnective tissue diseasesInflammatory painSLESSc

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Pain Medicine

Background:

  • Pain is a frequent and significant symptom in connective tissue diseases (CTDs).
  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) frequently present with ubiquitous pain, often as an initial musculoskeletal symptom (arthralgia, arthritis, myalgia).
  • Chronic widespread pain, characteristic of fibromyalgia (FM), is also commonly associated with CTDs, impacting patients' mental health and daily lives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the prevalence and diverse origins of pain in patients with CTDs.
  • To emphasize the importance of accurate pain diagnosis in CTDs to prevent inappropriate treatment.
  • To underscore the need for detailed investigation into pain management strategies, particularly in SSc.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pain in connective tissue diseases.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria for SLE and association with pain.
  • Discussion of the impact of chronic pain and fibromyalgia in CTD patients.

Main Results:

  • Pain is a near-universal symptom in SLE and SSc, stemming from various causes.
  • Musculoskeletal pain is a key feature and often an early indicator of SLE.
  • Chronic widespread pain and fibromyalgia frequently co-occur with CTDs.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate identification of pain etiology in CTDs is essential for appropriate patient care.
  • Effective pain management is a critical goal, yet requires further detailed investigation, especially in SSc.
  • Understanding the multifaceted nature of pain in CTDs is vital to avoid over-treatment and improve patient outcomes.