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Area of Science:

  • Primate evolutionary biology
  • Chronobiology
  • Paleontology

Background:

  • Primate life histories are hypothesized to be regulated by a neuroendocrine rhythm, the Havers-Halberg Oscillation (HHO).
  • Subfossil lemurs present an anomaly in established HHO scaling relationships observed in haplorhine primates and other mammals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if subfossil lemurs represent a general lemur or strepsirrhine condition regarding HHO.
  • To refine models of neuroendocrine-mediated life history evolution in primates.

Main Methods:

  • Collected the largest dataset of HHO data from histological sections of primate teeth, including subfossil lemurs.
  • Assessed correlations between HHO chronobiological measures and life history variables (body mass, brain size, age at first reproduction, activity level).

Main Results:

  • Anthropoids demonstrate strong correlations between HHO and life history variables, consistent with predictions.
  • Lemurs, with exceptions like Daubentonia, show less HHO periodicity variability and weaker correlations with body mass.
  • Brain size and activity levels correlate more strongly with HHO periodicity in lemurs compared to anthropoids.

Conclusions:

  • Lemur life history patterns may be shaped by selection for risk-averse strategies due to environmental unpredictability in Madagascar.
  • The Havers-Halberg Oscillation influences primate life history evolution differently across distinct ecological selection regimes.