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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Environmental Health
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • The effects of cold adaptation on human cardiovascular health and oxidative stress remain incompletely understood.
  • Investigating cold adaptation's influence on cardiovascular risk factors and antioxidant defenses is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the impact of cold adaptation on cardiovascular risk factors, thyroid hormones, and the body's ability to mitigate oxidative stress.
  • To compare well cold-adapted winter swimmers with non-adapted individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of 10 cold-adapted (CA) individuals with 16 non-adapted controls (CON).
  • Analysis of lipoprotein metabolism, cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), homocysteine, thyroid hormones, antioxidant markers (GSH, GPX1, GR, CAT, PON1), and oxidative stress markers (CD).
  • Measurement of zinc concentration.

Main Results:

  • Cold-adapted individuals showed a decreased apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio and lower plasma homocysteine.
  • Higher triiodothyronine (T3) levels and increased paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity were observed in the CA group.
  • Cold-adapted subjects exhibited lower glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) activity, reduced conjugated dienes (CD), and elevated zinc concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • Human cold adaptation can positively influence oxidative stress markers and antioxidant defense mechanisms.
  • Trends suggest potential improvements in cardiovascular risk factors and enhanced cardio-protective effects in cold-adapted individuals.