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Related Concept Videos

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Replicating Nucleosomes.

Srinivas Ramachandran1, Steven Henikoff1

  • 1Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.

Science Advances
|August 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA replication disrupts and reassembles nucleosomes, incorporating new histones. Understanding this replication-coupled nucleosome assembly is key to replicating epigenetic information.

Keywords:
epigeneticshistone modificationhistone variantsreplication-coupled nucleosome assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic DNA replication involves the disruption and reassembly of nucleosomes.
  • Newly synthesized histones are incorporated into daughter genomes during replication.
  • Maintaining nucleosome landscapes is crucial for cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the process of replication-coupled nucleosome assembly.
  • To understand how steady-state nucleosome landscapes are achieved.
  • To explore mechanisms of histone transfer and nucleosome maturation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on DNA replication and nucleosome dynamics.
  • Analysis of mechanisms governing histone transfer during replication.
  • Examination of processes involved in post-replication nucleosome maturation.

Main Results:

  • Replication forks transiently disrupt nucleosomes.
  • Histones are transferred and reassembled onto DNA post-replication.
  • Mechanisms for histone transfer and nucleosome maturation are being elucidated.

Conclusions:

  • Replication-coupled nucleosome assembly is a dynamic process essential for genome integrity.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand how epigenetic information is maintained through cell division.