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Related Experiment Video

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Perspectives on Neuroscience
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Neurodegeneration and Identity.

Nina Strohminger1, Shaun Nichols2

  • 1Yale School of Management, Yale University ns141@duke.edu.

Psychological Science
|August 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Neurodegenerative diseases can alter a person's identity, primarily due to damage to moral reasoning faculties, not memory loss. This perceived identity change impacts patient-caregiver relationships.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • A common belief suggests mental deterioration erodes personal identity.
  • Systematic research into cognitive damage and perceived identity change is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate which cognitive deficits in neurodegenerative diseases affect perceived identity.
  • To examine the relationship between identity change and patient-caregiver relationship deterioration.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed perceived identity change in patients with frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
  • Utilized structural equation modeling to analyze cognitive damage and identity continuity.
  • Investigated the mediating role of perceived identity change in relationship decline.
Keywords:
identityneurodegenerative diseaseopen dataopen materialsself

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Main Results:

  • Damage to the moral faculty was the primary driver of identity discontinuity.
  • Amnesia and other cognitive deficits did not significantly impact identity persistence.
  • Frontotemporal dementia showed the greatest impact on perceived identity, while amyotrophic lateral sclerosis had the least.
  • Perceived identity change fully mediated the negative effects of neurodegenerative disease on patient-caregiver relationships.

Conclusions:

  • Personal identity is not solely dependent on memory, distinctiveness, emotion, or global cognitive function.
  • Moral cognitive faculties are crucial for maintaining a perceived sense of self in neurodegenerative disease.
  • Understanding identity changes is vital for managing patient-caregiver relationships in neurodegenerative conditions.