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Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing
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Interface Limited Lithium Transport in Solid-State Batteries.

Dhamodaran Santhanagopalan1, Danna Qian1, Thomas McGilvray1

  • 1†Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|August 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Novel nanobattery fabrication using focused ion beams reveals lithium accumulation at interfaces, explaining capacity loss in solid-state lithium ion batteries and highlighting transport limitations.

Keywords:
STEM-EELSelectrochemistryfocused ion beamsinterfacesolid-state nanobattery

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Interfaces critically influence all-solid-state lithium ion battery performance.
  • Understanding interfacial phenomena is key to enhancing battery efficiency and longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for fabricating and characterizing electrochemically active nanobatteries.
  • To investigate interfacial mechanisms responsible for performance limitations in solid-state batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Focused ion beam (FIB) fabrication of nanobatteries.
  • Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) for characterization.
  • Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) for morphology.
  • Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) mapping for elemental analysis.

Main Results:

  • First evidence of lithium accumulation at silicon/copper (anode/current collector) and lithium cobalt oxide/lithium phosphorus oxynitride (cathode/electrolyte) interfaces.
  • Observed interdiffusion at the silicon/lithium phosphorus oxynitride interface, forming a distinct contrast layer.
  • Demonstrated that interfacial lithium accumulation contributes to irreversible capacity losses.

Conclusions:

  • Interfacial lithium accumulation and interdiffusion significantly impede lithium transport in solid-state batteries.
  • The developed nanobattery fabrication technique allows for in situ observation of electrochemical processes.
  • This approach is applicable to various solid-state battery chemistries for fundamental studies.