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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

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Infant memory.

Patricia J Bauer1, Priscilla San Souci1, Thanujeni Pathman1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Emory University.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science
|August 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infants demonstrate significant long-term memory capabilities within their first two years, showing rapid improvements in encoding and retaining information. This development is crucial for understanding early childhood memory progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Infant Studies

Background:

  • Understanding the emergence of memory in early development is crucial for cognitive science.
  • Long-term memory development in infancy lays the foundation for later learning and cognitive abilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the key developments in long-term memory during the first two years of life.
  • To explore the methods used to assess infant memory and discuss age-related changes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies utilizing visual paired comparison, visual habituation, conjugate reinforcement, and elicited/deferred imitation.
  • Analysis of findings related to infants' ability to encode and retain information.
  • Examination of neural substrates and memory trace formation processes.

Main Results:

  • Preverbal infants possess robust long-term memory capabilities.
  • Significant improvements in memory retention and encoding are evident within the first two years.
  • Infant memory development shows distinct forms that relate to early childhood memory.

Conclusions:

  • Infant memory development is characterized by rapid advancements and distinct forms.
  • Neural and basic memory processes underlie age-related changes in infant memory.
  • This developmental trajectory is critical for understanding cognitive growth into early childhood.