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Related Concept Videos

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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Structuralism, an early psychological theory developed by Wilhelm Wundt and his student Edward Bradford Titchener, sought to dissect the human mind into its most fundamental components. Wundt's groundbreaking work in his laboratory set the stage for Titchener to define structuralism's goal as cataloging the "atoms" of the mind—sensations, images, and feelings—akin to how chemists identify elements of matter.
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Psychology is the scientific discipline dedicated to understanding both observable behavior and the internal mental processes underlying such behavior. It aims to comprehend human nature and apply this understanding to solve practical problems, enhance well-being, and improve societal outcomes. An example of psychology's application is the study of prosocial behavior, such as why and under what conditions individuals might help strangers in need. This process involves describing observed...
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Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
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Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist born in 1856, significantly influenced psychology through his exploration of the unconscious mind. His interest in patients suffering from hysteria and neurosis — conditions without apparent physical causes — led him to theorize the existence of an unconscious mind, a repository for feelings and urges beyond our awareness. Freud's innovative approach included techniques such as dream analysis, free association, and attention to slips of the...
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Philosophy of mind.

Georges Rey1

  • 1Department of Philosophy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science
|August 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Philosophy of mind explores consciousness and mental states, questioning if machines can possess them. It examines various theories like physicalism and functionalism to bridge the gap between mind and physical phenomena.

Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of Mind
  • Cognitive Science
  • Metaphysics

Background:

  • Addresses enduring questions about mental phenomena beyond empirical scope.
  • Explores the nature of consciousness, rationality, and intentionality.
  • Highlights the 'explanatory gaps' between mental and physical phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the core questions in the philosophy of mind.
  • To review proposed strategies for understanding mental states.
  • To clarify the relationship between mental phenomena and physical processes.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of mental phenomena.
  • Examination of philosophical arguments.
  • Review of major theoretical approaches (dualist, eliminativist, physicalist, functionalist).

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Main Results:

  • Identifies key challenges in defining mental states and their properties.
  • Outlines the landscape of philosophical strategies for mind-body problems.
  • Emphasizes the need for reflection beyond empirical data.

Conclusions:

  • Philosophy of mind requires deep reflection on consciousness and intentionality.
  • No single strategy fully resolves the mind-body problem.
  • Understanding mental phenomena necessitates exploring diverse philosophical frameworks.