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Crossmodal enhancement in the LOC for visuohaptic object recognition over development.

R Joanne Jao1, Thomas W James2, Karin Harman James2

  • 1Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA.

Neuropsychologia
|August 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that both children and adults utilize multisensory integration for object recognition, with similar brain activity patterns observed in the visual cortex. This suggests crossmodal processing develops early, though children show broader neural activation.

Keywords:
CrossmodalDevelopmentHapticsMultisensoryObject recognitionVisionfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Multisensory convergence of visual and haptic information occurs in the visual cortex.
  • Crossmodal matching paradigms assess object recognition using different sensory modalities.
  • Behavioral studies suggest intramodal processing develops before crossmodal processing, but neural mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms of intramodal and crossmodal object recognition in children and adults.
  • To examine developmental differences in visuohaptic processing using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI).
  • To dissociate neural contributions during sample encoding and test matching phases.

Main Methods:

  • BOLD fMRI was used to measure brain activity during delayed match-to-sample tasks.
  • Tasks involved intramodal (visual-to-visual, haptic-to-haptic) and crossmodal (visual-to-haptic, haptic-to-visual) novel object recognition.
  • Participants included children aged 7-8.5 years and adults.

Main Results:

  • Both age groups demonstrated crossmodal enhancement in the lateral occipital complex (LOC), indicating sensitivity to sensory modality changes.
  • Similar brain regions, including the LOC and intraparietal sulcus (IPS), were activated in children and adults.
  • Children exhibited more widespread activation during encoding and weaker signal change during matching compared to adults.
  • A haptic-preferring region in the occipitotemporal cortex was identified in both groups, adjacent to the bimodal LOtv.

Conclusions:

  • Visuohaptic processing in the LOC is present in both children and adults.
  • Crossmodal enhancement suggests early development of multisensory integration for object recognition.
  • Developmental differences in neural activation patterns were observed, with children showing broader but less distinct responses.
  • Findings support a medial-to-lateral organization within the LOC, transitioning from visual to haptic bias.