Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

396
The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
396
Self-Serving Bias01:29

Self-Serving Bias

320
Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...
320
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

5.9K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.9K
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

45.2K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
45.2K
Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison01:27

Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison

365
Social comparison plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of personal success and self-worth. Rather than assessing our achievements in isolation, we interpret their significance relative to personal goals and critically in comparison to the performance of others. A grade of B in a mathematics exam might elicit pride if one's expectation was a C, yet result in disappointment if an A was anticipated or if peers achieved superior results. These comparative evaluations illustrate how both...
365
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

19.1K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
19.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A New Method of Constructing a Drug-Polymer Temperature-Composition Phase Diagram Using Hot-Melt Extrusion.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2017
Same author

Diosgenin prevents high-fat diet-induced rat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through the AMPK and LXR signaling pathways.

International journal of molecular medicine·2017
Same author

Identification of a gene signature associated with radiotherapy and prognosis in gliomas.

Oncotarget·2017
Same author

SNX8 mediates IFNγ-triggered noncanonical signaling pathway and host defense against <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2017
Same author

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Pharmaceutical Cocrystal Suspensions via Hot Melt Extrusion: Enhancing Cocrystal Yield.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2017
Same author

The Hierarchical Organization of the Default, Dorsal Attention and Salience Networks in Adolescents and Young Adults.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.3K

Peer-comparison overconfidence: Does it measure bias in self-evaluation?

Yan-Ling Bi1,2, Xue-Lei Du1, Shu Li1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Psych Journal
|August 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Peer-comparison questions accurately measure overconfidence bias in self-evaluation. This validated method allows future research into the domain specificity of overconfidence in judgment and decision-making.

Keywords:
actual percentile of overconfidenceoverconfidencepeer-comparison overconfidencepeer-comparison question

More Related Videos

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

9.3K
A Modified Mirror Test as a Visual Guide for the Self-awareness Trait in Wild Antarctica Penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae
04:51

A Modified Mirror Test as a Visual Guide for the Self-awareness Trait in Wild Antarctica Penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae

Published on: July 8, 2025

891

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 5, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.3K
Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

9.3K
A Modified Mirror Test as a Visual Guide for the Self-awareness Trait in Wild Antarctica Penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae
04:51

A Modified Mirror Test as a Visual Guide for the Self-awareness Trait in Wild Antarctica Penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae

Published on: July 8, 2025

891

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Judgment and Decision-Making

Background:

  • Overconfidence is a well-established finding in judgment psychology.
  • Accurate measurement of overconfidence is crucial for validating research findings.
  • The validity of peer-comparison questions for measuring overconfidence has been debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To verify the validity of peer-comparison questions as a tool for measuring overconfidence.
  • To establish a precise method for evaluating overconfidence bias.
  • To explore the utility of peer-comparison questions in real-world settings.

Main Methods:

  • A paradigm involving predictions of verifiable future events in real-world settings was employed.
  • Participants' self-evaluations using peer-comparison questions were compared against actual outcomes.
  • Studies focused on academic performance and job hunting scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Initial calculations of peer-comparison overconfidence accurately predicted actual overconfidence percentiles in academic performance (Studies 1 & 2).
  • A similar effect was observed for job hunting predictions (Study 3).
  • All studies confirmed the validity of peer-comparison questions for assessing self-evaluation bias.

Conclusions:

  • Peer-comparison questions are a valid instrument for measuring overconfidence.
  • This validated method supports future investigations into the domain generality or specificity of overconfidence.
  • The findings enhance the reliability of using peer-comparison tools in psychological research.