Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Possible Culprits in Solid Tumors?

Area of Science:

• Cell Biology
• Immunology
• Oncology

Background:

• Bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are used clinically in tissue engineering and immunotherapy.
• Their role in solid tumors is under extensive investigation, with studies showing both tumor-promoting and tumor-inhibiting effects.
• A clear phenotypical distinction between BM-MSCs and tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) in the tumor microenvironment is still lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current literature on the dual effects of BM-MSCs in solid tumors.
• To emphasize the interplay between BM-MSCs and the immune system within the tumor microenvironment.
• To highlight the potential of MSCs as a cell of origin for certain mesenchymal tumors.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of experimental studies on BM-MSCs in solid tumors.
• Analysis of studies focusing on BM-MSC interactions with immune components.
• Examination of evidence regarding MSCs as a potential cell of origin for mesenchymal tumors.

Main Results:

• BM-MSCs demonstrate context-dependent, dual roles in tumor progression, acting as both promoters and inhibitors.
• Significant interactions exist between BM-MSCs and various immune system components within the tumor microenvironment.
• Evidence suggests a potential role for MSCs in the oncogenesis of specific mesenchymal tumors.

Conclusions:

• The multifaceted roles of BM-MSCs in cancer necessitate a critical reappraisal of existing research and methodologies.
• Understanding the complex interplay of BM-MSCs with the tumor microenvironment, particularly the immune system, is crucial.
• Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying BM-MSC functions in tumorigenesis and their potential as a cell of origin.