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Pattern formation in wet granular matter under vertical vibrations.

Lorenz Butzhammer¹, Simeon Völkel¹, Ingo Rehberg¹

¹Experimentalphysik V, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|August 15, 2015

Summary

Wet granular matter under vibration forms kink-separated domains that exhibit collective motion due to liquid bridges. These domains can create rotating spiral or standing wave patterns, sometimes with phase separation into liquid and gas states.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Fluid Dynamics

Background:

Cohesive wet granular matter exhibits complex behaviors under external forces.
Liquid bridges between particles are crucial for collective domain motion.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dynamics of kink-separated domains in vibrated cohesive granular layers.
To characterize pattern formation and phase separation phenomena.

Main Methods:

Experimental analysis of thin layers of cohesive wet granular matter under vertical vibrations.
Observation of kink-separated domains and their collective motion.
Development of a model based on inelastic particle-container collisions.

Main Results:

Observed collective motion of domains driven by liquid bridge cohesion.
Identified rotating spiral patterns (period tripling) and standing wave patterns (period doubling).
Documented coexistence of these patterns with granular "gas bubbles" (phase separation).

Conclusions:

The collective motion and pattern formation in vibrated cohesive granular matter are governed by liquid bridge interactions.
A simple model of inelastic collisions can quantitatively predict pattern onsets and dependencies on granular layer mass and container height.