Molecular cloning, characterization and expression of Lc-Sox11a in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea

Sox genes play important roles in various developmental processes such as sex determination, embryogenesis, oogenesis, neurogenesis, and larval development. In order to clarify the roles of Sox genes in the developmental process of large yellow croaker, the full-length cDNA of the Sox11a gene (Lc-Sox11a) was cloned for the first time. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that Lc-Sox11a contains a protein of 366 amino acids with a Ser-rich region, a C-terminal conserved region, and a high mobility group box. The expression of Lc-Sox11a in different tissues of both sexes and in different developmental embryonic stages revealed that Lc-Sox11a were expressed with tissue and gender specificity, of which the expression level in female was ovary>brain>eye>gill; in male was brain>testis>gill. The gender differences occurred in the brain and eye with the male brain>female brain, female eye>male eye. Moreover, the expression of Lc-Sox11a in the gonad and brain at different growth stages was detected. Significant up-regulated expression of Lc-Sox11a was found in the ovary and the male brain at 1000dph (days post hatching) compared with 270dph and 635dph. However, significant down-regulated expression of Lc-Sox11a occurred in the testis with growth. Besides, the expression of Lc-Sox11a in the female brain showed a trend of first rising then falling, with the highest peak in 635dph. The results of in situ hybridization displayed that Lc-Sox11a was widely distributed only in cytoplasm of oocytes at each stage in oogenesis. In early stage of oocytes, Lc-Sox11a was expressed weakly and evenly. As the appearance of vacuoles and synthesis of yolks, positive signals of Lc-Sox11a distributed intensively in the residual cytoplasm. In spermatogenesis, Lc-Sox11a was distributed in cytoplasm of all male germ cells except spermatozoon with spermatogonium>spermatocyte>spermatid. During embryogenesis, Lc-Sox11a was expressed in most embryonic stages, the highest expression occurred in the formation-of-eye-lens stage, closely followed by the closure-of-blastopore stage, then the beginning-of-heart-pulsation stage. The results of whole mount in situ hybridization showed that the expression of Lc-Sox11a began to increase beginning with the multiple-cell stage, with the major distribution of Lc-Sox11a in the brain and eye areas in the pre-hatching stage.