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Revisiting the NIR-to-Visible Upconversion Mechanism in β-NaYF4:Yb(3+),Er(3.)
Robert B Anderson1, Steve J Smith1, P Stanley May2
1†Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East Saint Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States.
Abstract:
Here, we show that the long-accepted mechanism for the production of red and blue emission through upconversion (UC) of 1 μm excitation in Yb(3+)/Er(3+)-doped materials does not apply in the popular β-NaYF4 host. We propose a new mechanism involving Yb(3+)-to-Er(3+) energy-transfer UC out of the green-emitting (2)H11/2,(4)S3/2 states that quantitatively accounts for all of the observed optical behavior. Rate constants for the relevant radiative and nonradiative processes are reported along with a prediction of the power dependence of the pulsed and continuous-wave UC quantum efficiency.
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