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TET proteins in cancer: Current 'state of the art'

Agnieszka Anna Rawłuszko-Wieczorek1, Agnieszka Siera1, Paweł Piotr Jagodziński1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland.

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
|August 16, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Aberrations in DNA methylation are early signs of cancer, but the causes are unclear. Ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes modify DNA, revealing new insights into DNA demethylation and epigenetic regulation in cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • DNA methylation pattern aberrations are early indicators in carcinogenesis.
  • The precise mechanisms driving these epigenetic alterations are not fully understood.
  • Ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes have been identified as key players in DNA modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanism and function of TET enzymes in biological processes.
  • To summarize current knowledge on TET protein expression and regulation in cancer.
  • To elucidate the role of TET enzymes in DNA demethylation and epigenetic regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on TET enzymes.
  • Analysis of research on DNA methylation and demethylation pathways.
  • Synthesis of data on TET protein expression in various cancer types.

Main Results:

  • TET enzymes generate 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine.
  • These modified cytosines are intermediates in active DNA demethylation.
  • TET proteins play crucial roles in epigenetic regulation and are implicated in cancer.

Conclusions:

  • TET enzymes are central to active DNA demethylation.
  • Understanding TET function and regulation is vital for cancer research.
  • Aberrant TET activity may contribute to the development of cancer through altered epigenetic landscapes.
Keywords:
5-hmCCancerDNA methylationTET

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