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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Diuretics01:16

Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Diuretics

Diuretics are antihypertensive drugs used to treat hypertension resulting from sodium and water retention. Sodium, vital for fluid balance and nerve or muscle function, is regulated by the kidneys through millions of nephrons. Blood enters nephrons via afferent arterioles, which branch into capillaries called glomeruli. These filter blood plasma, allowing water and solutes, like sodium ions, to pass through capillary walls into Bowman's capsule. The filtrate then flows through various tubules...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics01:28

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2026

Treatment Protocol for Rotator Cuff Calcific Tendinitis Using a Single-Crystal Piezoelectric Focused Shock Wave Source
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Does extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy cause hypertension?

B S Montgomery1, R S Cole, E L Palfrey

  • 1Lithotripter Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London.

British Journal of Urology
|December 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) may lead to hypertension in 8.1% of patients. Blood pressure monitoring is recommended post-ESWL, especially for those with pre-existing diastolic pressure below 90 mmHg.

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Last Updated: Jul 25, 2026

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Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Urology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Hypertension is a potential complication following extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL).
  • Previous studies suggest an incidence rate as high as 8% for post-ESWL hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate blood pressure changes and the incidence of hypertension in patients after renal ESWL.
  • To assess the long-term hypertensive risk associated with ESWL.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study of 733 patients.
  • Monitoring blood pressure 12 to 44 months post-renal ESWL using the Dornier HM3 device.

Main Results:

  • The observed incidence of hypertension post-ESWL was 8.1%.
  • Patients with pre-ESWL diastolic pressure <90 mmHg showed a significantly higher incidence of post-operative diastolic pressure ≥100 mmHg compared to historical data.
  • No significant overall change in mean blood pressure was detected in the study cohort.

Conclusions:

  • The hypertensive risk of ESWL requires further clarification.
  • Routine blood pressure surveillance is advised after ESWL.
  • A prospective study is necessary to definitively establish the link between ESWL and hypertension.