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Related Concept Videos

Structure of Amines01:19

Structure of Amines

3.4K
The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’ carbon–carbon bond (154 pm). These aspects are...
3.4K
VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs04:01

VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs

54.3K
Effect of Lone Pairs of Electrons on Molecule Geometry
54.3K
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

48.3K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
48.3K
Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines01:30

Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines

5.1K
Alkylation is one of the methods used to prepare amines. Direct alkylation of ammonia or a primary amine with an alkyl halide gives polyalkylated amines along with a quaternary ammonium salt through successive SN2 reactions. This process of making the quaternary salt through the direct alkylation method is called exhaustive alkylation.
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...
5.1K
Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

4.5K
Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
4.5K
Basicity of Aliphatic Amines01:21

Basicity of Aliphatic Amines

7.2K
Amines can behave as Brønsted–Lowry bases by accepting a proton from the acid to form corresponding conjugate acids. Due to a lone pair of nonbonding electrons, aliphatic amines can also act as Lewis bases by forming a covalent bond with an electrophile.
To measure the basicity of amines, two conventions are generally used. The first defines Kb as the basicity constant for the deprotonation reaction of water by the amine, as presented in Figure 1. Conventionally, lower Kb indicates higher...
7.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
08:12

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Published on: September 8, 2017

10.2K

Pressure-induced structural changes in NH4Br.

Yanping Huang1, Xiaoli Huang1, Wenbo Li1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|August 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored ammonium bromide (NH4Br) under high pressure using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. A new phase (VI) was discovered, revealing a significant volume reduction and changes in atomic interactions at extreme conditions.

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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

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Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure
08:14

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
08:12

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

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Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure
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Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure

Published on: August 23, 2017

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Ammonium bromide (NH4Br) exhibits complex phase transitions under pressure.
  • Understanding these transitions is crucial for materials science and condensed matter physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the high-pressure behavior of NH4Br using angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy.
  • To identify and characterize new phases and phase transitions in NH4Br up to 70.0 GPa.

Main Methods:

  • Angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements at room temperature up to 70.0 GPa.
  • Raman spectroscopy analysis under high-pressure conditions.
  • Rietveld refinement of synchrotron XRD data to establish crystal structures.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed the existence of three stable phases (II, IV, and V) in NH4Br.
  • Proposed a new phase (VI) with P21/m symmetry, established via Rietveld refinement.
  • Observed a phase sequence II → IV → V → VI, with a significant 30% volume reduction during the V → VI transition at 57.8 GPa.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the high-pressure phase diagram of NH4Br, identifying a novel phase.
  • The observed volume reduction and changes in intramolecular interactions (H-H and N-Br distances) provide insights into the structural nature of these phases.
  • The findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of phase transitions in ionic compounds under extreme pressure conditions.