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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation

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In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
Palpation Findings
During a respiratory assessment, palpation can reveal several vital abnormalities:
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

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Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

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The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract....
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Trachea01:22

Trachea

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The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a vital part of the human respiratory system. It serves as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the bronchi, allowing oxygen to reach the lungs. Let's explore its anatomical features, dimensions, layers of the tracheal wall, associated muscles, and the functions of its parts.
Anatomical Features:
Location: About half of the trachea is situated in the neck, anterior to the esophagus, and extends from the larynx (at the level of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Awake Nasotracheal Intubation with Flexible Video Rhino-Laryngoscopes
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Rare Upper Airway Anomalies.

Alanna Windsor1, Clarice Clemmens2, Ian N Jacobs1

  • 1Division of Otolaryngology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pereleman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104.

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
|August 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers rare congenital upper airway anomalies, detailing their presentation, diagnosis, and management. Early detection and multidisciplinary care are crucial for these complex developmental defects.

Keywords:
BronchoscopyLaryngeal cleftLaryngeal diseasesLaryngoscopyRespiratory system abnormalitiesTracheaTracheal agenesisTracheal stenosis

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Congenital upper airway anomalies arise from errors in embryonic development.
  • These rare malformations can affect breathing and swallowing functions.
  • They often present with other congenital disorders or as part of genetic syndromes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation of rare congenital upper airway anomalies.
  • To outline diagnostic approaches for these conditions.
  • To discuss management strategies and the importance of multidisciplinary care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on congenital upper airway malformations.
  • Description of diagnostic modalities including prenatal testing, imaging, and endoscopic procedures.
  • Emphasis on the collaborative approach involving various medical specialists.

Main Results:

  • Congenital airway defects exhibit diverse clinical presentations.
  • A range of diagnostic tools are employed for accurate identification.
  • Management requires a coordinated team effort for optimal patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Rare congenital upper airway anomalies necessitate specialized diagnostic and management protocols.
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for comprehensive patient care.
  • Understanding embryologic origins aids in diagnosing and treating these complex conditions.