Artifacts and Anatomical Variants Affecting Ventilation and Perfusion Lung Imaging

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Nuclear Medicine
• Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

• Ventilation and perfusion (V/Q) lung imaging remains a cornerstone in diagnosing lung diseases, especially pulmonary embolism.
• Accurate interpretation necessitates a thorough grasp of available imaging agents, physiological principles, and normal variations.
• The integration of SPECT imaging has enhanced V/Q scans but also introduced new artifacts and variants.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review common and uncommon variants and artifacts encountered in ventilation and perfusion lung imaging.
• To provide a guide for accurate interpretation of V/Q lung scans.
• To discuss the impact of different ventilation agents and SPECT imaging on scan appearance.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on ventilation and perfusion lung imaging techniques.
• Discussion of various ventilation agents, including gases, aerosols, and nanoparticles.
• Analysis of artifacts and variants introduced by SPECT imaging.
• Presentation of uncommon conditions affecting V/Q scan appearance.

Main Results:

• Multiple ventilation agents are available, each with specific characteristics.
• SPECT imaging improves V/Q scan resolution but increases potential for artifacts.
• Uncommon conditions can significantly alter the expected appearance of V/Q scans.
• A comprehensive understanding of these factors is essential for diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions:

• Ventilation and perfusion lung imaging requires detailed knowledge of agents, physiology, and variants for accurate diagnosis.
• Awareness of artifacts and uncommon conditions is critical for correct interpretation.
• This review highlights key aspects to consider for optimal V/Q scan analysis.