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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

42
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms
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Autoimmune Hepatitis in Hawai'i.

Tanner I Kim1, Jaclyn E Kagihara1, Naoky C S Tsai1

  • 1John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI (TIK, JEK, NCST, MMR).

Hawai'I Journal of Medicine & Public Health : a Journal of Asia Pacific Medicine & Public Health
|August 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) in Hawai'i shows ethnic differences. Asian patients, compared to Caucasians, present later with better lab values and treatment response.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) is a complex liver disease with limited epidemiological data in multiethnic populations.
  • Understanding AIH variations across diverse ethnicities is crucial for improved diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical and serologic characteristics of Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) within Hawai'i's multiethnic population.
  • To identify potential ethnic disparities in AIH presentation, laboratory findings, and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, cross-sectional study of 32 AIH patients diagnosed between 2010-2013.
  • Diagnosis adherence to International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) criteria.
  • Analysis of demographic, serologic, and clinical data, comparing ethnic groups and age at diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • The cohort was 72% Asian, 19% Caucasian, 6% Pacific Islander, and 3% African American, with a mean age of 49.4 years; 75% were female.
  • Asian patients presented older, with lower transaminases and INR, higher ANA positivity, and better remission rates than Caucasians.
  • Diagnosis before age 40 correlated with higher total bilirubin levels at presentation.

Conclusions:

  • Asian patients with Type I AIH exhibit distinct epidemiological and clinical features, including later onset and superior treatment response compared to Caucasians.
  • Early diagnosis (before age 40) is associated with less favorable initial laboratory values.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms behind observed ethnic variations in AIH.