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Perinatally infected adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus (perinatally human immunodeficiency virus)

Maria Leticia S Cruz1, Claudete A Cardoso1

  • 1Maria Leticia S Cruz, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20221-903, Brazil.

World Journal of Virology
|August 18, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Highly potent antiretroviral treatment has made human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection a chronic condition. Perinatally HIV-infected adolescents now reach adulthood, requiring specialized care for their unique developmental and health needs.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Adolescent Medicine

Background:

  • Antiretroviral therapy has shifted HIV from a fatal illness to a chronic condition.
  • Children treated for perinatal HIV are now surviving into adolescence and adulthood.
  • Perinatally HIV-infected adolescents and young adults have distinct health and social needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on the care and follow-up of perinatally HIV-infected adolescents.
  • To identify key aspects for managing this growing population.
  • To support healthcare providers in the transition of care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of MEDLINE via PubMed.
  • Keywords: "perinatally HIV-infected" AND "adolescents".
  • Included English/Portuguese articles from 2003-2014; excluded case reports/series.

Main Results:

  • Addressed pubertal development, growth, bone metabolism, and metabolic complications.
  • Covered brain development, cognition, mental health, and reproductive health.
  • Examined viral drug resistance and transition to adult care.

Conclusions:

  • Perinatally HIV-infected adolescents require comprehensive, specialized care.
  • Understanding specific developmental and health challenges is crucial.
  • This review provides a framework for managing these young adults.

Keywords:
AdolescentsAntiretroviral therapyComplicationsGrowthHuman immunodeficiency virus-infectionPuberty

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