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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Theory of Strong Electrolytes01:23

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

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The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...
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Band Theory02:35

Band Theory

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When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
The energy difference between these bands is known as the band gap.
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Design principles for solid-state lithium superionic conductors.

Yan Wang1, William Davidson Richards1, Shyue Ping Ong1,2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Nature Materials
|August 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered a key structural feature for fast lithium-ion conduction in solid electrolytes. A body-centered cubic-like anion framework facilitates direct lithium ion hops, crucial for developing safer, high-performance lithium-ion batteries.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Current lithium-ion batteries utilize organic electrolytes, which pose flammability and electrochemical stability risks.
  • Achieving solid-state lithium-ion conductivity comparable to liquid electrolytes (>1 mS cm⁻¹) remains a significant challenge for solid electrolytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a fundamental relationship between anion packing and ionic transport in fast lithium-ion conducting materials.
  • To identify desirable structural attributes for effective lithium-ion conductors.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of anion packing in known fast Li-conducting materials.
  • Correlation of structural features with ionic transport properties.

Main Results:

  • A body-centered cubic-like anion framework is identified as optimal for high ionic conductivity.
  • This framework enables direct lithium ion hops between adjacent tetrahedral sites.
  • The identified anion arrangement is present in several known fast ion conductors.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding anion packing is crucial for designing superior solid electrolytes.
  • The findings provide design principles for developing advanced electrolytes for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.