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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Going viral: a review of replication-selective oncolytic adenoviruses

Christopher Larson1, Bryan Oronsky2, Jan Scicinski2

  • 1University of California at San Diego (UCSD), Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Oncotarget
|August 18, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Oncolytic viruses, particularly adenoviruses, are evolving from natural pathogens into targeted cancer therapies. Early research, including ONYX-015, paved the way for using these viruses as immunotherapy agents against tumors.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Oncolytic viruses have a century-long history, evolving from anecdotal observations to advanced clinical trials.
  • Adenoviruses are key players in virotherapy, with significant research focused on modifying them as anti-cancer agents.
  • The development of oncolytic virotherapy involves transforming natural viral pathogens into targeted therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development and scientific forces shaping oncolytic virotherapy.
  • To highlight the role of adenoviruses, specifically ONYX-015, in pioneering this field.
  • To discuss the potential of oncolytic viruses as immunotherapy agents, considering their interaction with the immune system.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical scientific literature and clinical trial data.
  • Examination of viral replication mechanisms and genetic engineering for tumor selectivity.
  • Analysis of the impact of early oncolytic virus trials on current therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Adenoviruses have been extensively studied and engineered for oncolytic virotherapy.
  • ONYX-015, an early adenovirus-based therapy, demonstrated significant potential and guided further research.
  • Clinical trial findings have reshaped the perception of oncolytic viruses as viable immunotherapy agents.

Conclusions:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy, particularly using adenoviruses, represents a significant advancement in cancer treatment.
  • The evolution of these viruses from pathogens to therapeutic tools underscores scientific innovation.
  • Oncolytic viruses show promise as immunotherapeutic agents, capable of engaging the host immune system against cancer.
Keywords:
adenovirusimmunotherapyoncologyoncolytic virus

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