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Voice disorders in the elderly: A national database study.

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Voice disorders in the elderly are common, with laryngitis and dysphonia being most frequent. Factors like age, gender, and physician type significantly influence specific laryngeal/voice disorder (LVD) diagnoses.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Voice disorders are prevalent in the elderly population.
  • Understanding the epidemiology and influencing factors of these disorders is crucial for targeted healthcare.
  • Laryngeal/voice disorders (LVD) can significantly impact quality of life in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the types, frequency, and contributing factors of voice disorders in elderly individuals.
  • To analyze the association between patient demographics, comorbidities, and physician type with LVD diagnoses.
  • To identify patterns in LVD diagnoses among older adults in the US.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of a large national administrative US claims database (2004-2008).
  • Inclusion of elderly outpatients (>65 years) with a diagnosed LVD.
  • Data collected on age, gender, comorbidities, location, employment, and physician type (otolaryngologist or primary care physician/PCP).
  • Multiple logistic regression used to assess influencing factors.

Main Results:

  • Over 60,000 elderly patients diagnosed with LVDs were identified from nearly 55 million individuals.
  • Most frequent diagnoses included acute/chronic laryngitis, nonspecific dysphonia, and benign vocal fold lesions.
  • PCPs more frequently diagnosed acute laryngitis, while otolaryngologists diagnosed nonspecific dysphonia and laryngeal lesions.
  • Increasing age correlated with higher odds of nonspecific dysphonia and vocal fold paralysis/paresis.
  • Women had higher odds of acute laryngitis and nonspecific dysphonia compared to men.
  • Specific LVD diagnoses varied by comorbid conditions and geographic location.

Conclusions:

  • Age, gender, comorbidities, geographic location, and physician specialty are significantly associated with specific LVD diagnoses in the elderly.
  • These factors play a crucial role in how laryngeal/voice disorders are diagnosed and potentially managed in older adults.
  • Further research can refine understanding and improve care for geriatric voice conditions.