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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

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In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...
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Atypical Pneumonia01:14

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Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
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A Case of Emphysematous Pyelonephritis.

V M Bhalerao, B S Gedam, A K Mukherjee

    The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
    |August 19, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Emphysematous pyelonephritis, a severe kidney infection, is linked to diabetes mellitus and urinary tract infections. This case highlights the critical condition and poor prognosis despite medical intervention.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Radiology

    Background:

    • Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare, necrotizing renal infection.
    • It predominantly affects patients with diabetes mellitus and urinary tract infections.
    • Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial due to high morbidity and mortality.

    Observation:

    • A case of emphysematous pyelonephritis presented with acute abdomen and sepsis.
    • Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed gas within the collecting system of the left kidney.
    • The patient had a history of diabetes mellitus and urinary tract infection.

    Findings:

    • Despite management with intravenous fluids, antibiotics, insulin, and percutaneous nephrostomy, the patient's condition deteriorated.
    • Sepsis and multiorgan failure were the primary causes of death.
    • Death occurred on the third day of hospitalization.

    Implications:

    • This case underscores the aggressive nature of emphysematous pyelonephritis in diabetic patients.
    • Aggressive medical and interventional management may not always prevent fatal outcomes.
    • Highlights the importance of early recognition and aggressive treatment strategies for this life-threatening condition.