[Analysis of four flavonoids in Lysimachia clethroides using ionic liquid-assisted extraction]

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Pharmacognosy
• Green Chemistry

Background:

• Lysimachia clethroides contains valuable bioactive compounds like isoquercitrin, astragaline, quercetin, and kaempferol.
• Accurate quantification of these compounds is essential for quality control and pharmacological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a simultaneous determination method for four major flavonoids in Lysimachia clethroides.
• To utilize green chemistry principles in the extraction and analysis process.

Main Methods:

• Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using ionic liquid (1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [HMIM]PF6) in methanol.
• Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with a Purospher star RP-C1 column.
• Gradient elution using acetonitrile, methanol, and 0.4% phosphate acid at a detection wavelength of 360 nm.

Main Results:

• Optimized method achieved linear ranges for isoquercitrin, astragaline, quercetin, and kaempferol.
• High average recoveries were obtained: 101.1%, 98.90%, 101.0%, and 101.6%, respectively.
• The method demonstrated high accuracy, simplicity, and speed.

Conclusions:

• The developed ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid extraction combined with RP-HPLC is a valid and efficient method.
• This green analytical method enables reliable simultaneous determination of key flavonoids in Lysimachia clethroides.
• The findings support the quality assessment of herbal products containing Lysimachia clethroides.