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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Related Experiment Video

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Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts
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[Targeted therapy for solid tumors in the elderly].

Hironori Ashinuma, Ikuo Sekine

    Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
    |August 19, 2015
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Targeted cancer therapy shows promise for elderly patients, but specific toxicities require careful monitoring. This review examines the efficacy and safety of targeted treatments for solid tumors in older adults.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Geriatric Medicine
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Cancer incidence and mortality disproportionately affect the elderly population.
    • Elderly cancer patients present unique challenges due to heterogeneity in health status, comorbidities, and polypharmacy.
    • Clinical trials have historically underrepresented elderly individuals, limiting data on treatment efficacy and safety in this demographic.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review existing evidence on the effectiveness of targeted cancer therapies in elderly patients with solid tumors.
    • To evaluate the specific toxicities associated with targeted therapies in the geriatric oncology population.
    • To provide insights into the risk-benefit profile of targeted treatments for older adults with cancer.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic review of published literature on targeted therapy for solid tumors in elderly patients.
    • Analysis of clinical trial data and real-world evidence focusing on efficacy endpoints (e.g., response rates, survival).
    • Assessment of reported adverse events, including specific toxicities like arterial thromboembolism and cardiotoxicity.

    Main Results:

    • Targeted therapies offer potential benefits over traditional chemotherapy for certain solid tumors in the elderly.
    • While generally considered less toxic than chemotherapy, specific adverse events such as arterial thromboembolism (e.g., bevacizumab) and cardiotoxicity (e.g., trastuzumab) are concerns in older patients.
    • Evidence suggests variability in response and toxicity based on individual patient factors and tumor type.

    Conclusions:

    • Targeted therapy is a viable option for elderly cancer patients, but requires careful patient selection and vigilant monitoring for known toxicities.
    • Further research and dedicated clinical trials are needed to optimize the use of targeted agents in geriatric oncology.
    • Personalized treatment approaches considering geriatric assessments are crucial for maximizing benefits and minimizing risks in elderly cancer patients.