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Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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Production of Tissue Microarrays, Immunohistochemistry Staining and Digitalization Within the Human Protein Atlas
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Tissue-Based Proteogenomics Reveals that Human Testis Endows Plentiful Missing Proteins.

Yao Zhang1,2,3, Qidan Li4,5,3, Feilin Wu1,6

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 102206, China.

Journal of Proteome Research
|August 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Testis tissue proteogenomics successfully identified numerous missing proteins (MPs), revealing their crucial roles in reproduction and potential links to tumorigenesis. This study highlights testis as a valuable source for discovering novel MPs.

Keywords:
Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Projectindividualmissing proteinsproteometestistranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Proteomics and Genomics
  • Human Molecular Biology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Missing proteins (MPs) are challenging to identify using conventional methods.
  • Testis tissue exhibits high gene expression, suggesting it may be a rich source for MP discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of testis tissue proteogenomics for identifying missing proteins (MPs).
  • To characterize the functional roles of MPs identified in human testis tissue.

Main Methods:

  • Combined proteomics and transcriptomics analysis of human testis tissue from three post-mortem individuals.
  • Protein extraction and separation using glycine- and tricine-SDS-PAGE.
  • Mass spectrometry for protein identification and quantification.

Main Results:

  • Identified 9597 protein groups, including 166 missing protein (MP) groups, with 83.1% showing transcriptional evidence.
  • 5.6% of all known MPs were identified in this study, underscoring testis tissue as a rich MP resource.
  • Functional analysis indicated testis MPs are primarily involved in sexual reproduction and spermatogenesis, with some potentially linked to tumorigenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Proteogenomic analysis of testis tissue is a feasible and effective strategy for discovering missing proteins (MPs).
  • Testis tissue is a significant resource for identifying MPs involved in reproductive functions.
  • Identified MPs may have implications beyond reproduction, including potential roles in tumorigenesis in other tissues.