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U.S. Border Enforcement and Mexican Immigrant Location Choice.

Sarah Bohn1, Todd Pugatch2

  • 1Public Policy Institute of California, 500 Washington Street, San Francisco, CA, 94111, USA. bohn@ppic.org.

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|August 19, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Increased border enforcement significantly reduces Mexican immigrant populations in U.S. states. More Border Patrol officers lead to a substantial decrease in immigrant shares, particularly in border states like California and Texas.

Keywords:
Border enforcementMexicoResidential location choiceUnauthorized immigration

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Area of Science:

  • Economics
  • Sociology
  • Public Policy

Background:

  • Understanding the spatial distribution of immigrants is crucial for policy-making.
  • Previous research has not fully established the causal impact of border enforcement on immigrant settlement patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide the first evidence on the causal effect of border enforcement on the spatial distribution of Mexican immigrants in the U.S.
  • To quantify the impact of increased border security personnel on immigrant settlement.

Main Methods:

  • Employed an instrumental variables strategy to address endogeneity.
  • Utilized administrative delays in budgetary allocations for border security as an instrumental variable.

Main Results:

  • An increase of 1,000 Border Patrol officers in a U.S. state decreases its share of Mexican immigrants by 21.9%.
  • Without changes in border enforcement from 1994-2011, California and Texas would have had 8 percentage points higher shares of Mexican immigrants.

Conclusions:

  • Border enforcement is a significant determinant of Mexican immigrant spatial distribution.
  • Increased border security leads to a reallocation of immigrants away from states with higher enforcement levels.