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Repurposing celecoxib as a topical antimicrobial agent.

Shankar Thangamani1, Waleed Younis1, Mohamed N Seleem1

  • 1Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN USA.

Frontiers in Microbiology
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PubMed
Summary

Celecoxib, an anti-inflammatory drug, shows antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive bacteria and, with assistance, Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits bacterial growth and reduces inflammation in skin infection models, suggesting potential as a topical treatment.

Keywords:
anti-inflammatoryantimicrobial resistancecelecoxibrepurposingskin infection

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Repurposing

Background:

  • Urgent need for novel antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens.
  • Drug repurposing offers a faster route to developing new antimicrobial therapies.
  • Celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, is a potential candidate for antimicrobial research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action of celecoxib.
  • To evaluate the in vivo efficacy of celecoxib in bacterial infection models.
  • To explore the potential of celecoxib as a topical treatment for bacterial skin infections.

Main Methods:

  • Tested celecoxib's antimicrobial spectrum against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
  • Assessed celecoxib's effect on macromolecule synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Evaluated in vivo efficacy in Caenorhabditis elegans and mouse skin infection models.
  • Measured inflammatory cytokine levels and assessed synergistic effects with conventional antimicrobials.

Main Results:

  • Celecoxib demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive bacteria and compromised Gram-negative bacteria.
  • The drug inhibited RNA, DNA, and protein synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus.
  • In vivo studies showed efficacy in reducing bacterial load and inflammation in MRSA infection models.
  • Celecoxib exhibited synergistic effects with conventional antimicrobials.

Conclusions:

  • Celecoxib possesses significant antimicrobial properties and can be repurposed for treating bacterial infections.
  • Its mechanism involves inhibiting essential bacterial synthesis pathways.
  • Celecoxib shows promise as a topical agent, alone or in combination therapy, for bacterial skin infections.