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Major decrease in malaria transmission on Mayotte Island.

Olivier Maillard1, Tinne Lernout2,3, Sophie Olivier4

  • 1Regional Office of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS), Mayotte, France. olmaillard@yahoo.fr.

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Malaria transmission significantly decreased in Mayotte from 2007-2014 due to control measures. The island entered the elimination phase, with intensified surveillance and treatment being key factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Entomology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Plasmodium falciparum malaria is endemic in the Comorian Archipelago, posing a significant public health challenge.
  • Mayotte Island experiences intense, stable, and year-round malaria transmission.
  • This study analyzes 8 years of malaria surveillance data (2007-2014) following enhanced control efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of strengthened malaria control activities on transmission dynamics in Mayotte.
  • To assess the trends in malaria incidence and parasite rates over an 8-year period.
  • To determine the feasibility of malaria elimination on Mayotte Island.

Main Methods:

  • Physician-reported malaria cases were monitored from January 2007 to December 2014.
  • Case confirmation involved rapid diagnostic tests and/or blood smear microscopy for Plasmodium species.
  • Data collected included patient demographics, symptoms, diagnostic results, treatment, travel history, and monthly rainfall.

Main Results:

  • A total of 2073 malaria cases were reported: 977 imported, 807 autochthonous, and 289 of unknown origin.
  • Annual parasite incidence (API) for Plasmodium falciparum dropped from 3.0 in 2007 to 0.07 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2014.
  • Autochthonous malaria incidence decreased from 1.6 to 0.004 per 1,000 inhabitants, with Mayotte entering the elimination phase in 2011.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated strategies including vector control, active surveillance, and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) were crucial for reducing malaria transmission.
  • Mayotte has achieved a low and declining malaria transmission status, entering the elimination phase.
  • Regional cooperation and a unified surveillance-response system are vital for sustained malaria elimination efforts.