Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

10.1K
Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
10.1K
SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

13.6K
Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
13.6K
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

3.4K
After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
3.4K
Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:18

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments

28.4K
Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
28.4K
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

10.1K
Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
10.1K
COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

18.6K
Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
18.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

3D environment favors persistent changes in cell functions and altered morphology, wrinkling, and biomechanical signature of the nucleus.

Cell reports. Physical science·2026
Same author

Computational Microscopy Reveals Compound-Specific Flickering Phenotypes of Red Blood Cells Under Flavonoid Exposure.

Membranes·2026
Same author

Active matter from living polymers: The FtsZ paradigm.

Advances in colloid and interface science·2026
Same author

Glycosylated carbon nanodots as multivalent blockers of lectin-driven viral entry: structural insights and antiviral performance.

Nanoscale·2026
Same author

Pushing the boundaries of BODIPY chemistry: 2-(dimethylamino)methyl BODIPYs as enablers of diversification with nucleophiles.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Stochastic motility energetics reveals cooperative bacterial swarming in optical tweezers.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

In Vitro Reconstitution of the Actin Cytoskeleton Inside Giant Unilamellar Vesicles
10:19

In Vitro Reconstitution of the Actin Cytoskeleton Inside Giant Unilamellar Vesicles

Published on: August 25, 2022

4.3K

Artificial Spectrin Shells Reconstituted on Giant Vesicles.

Iván López-Montero1, Ruddi Rodríguez-García1, Francisco Monroy1

  • 1Mechanics of Biological Systems and Department of Physical Chemistry I, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|August 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers reconstructed a mechanically stable artificial cell membrane shell using human red blood cell components and ATP. This cytomimetic membrane skeleton provides structural rigidity for minimal cell development.

Keywords:
cytoskeletongiant vesiclemembrane mechanicsrigid shell

More Related Videos

Preparation of Giant Vesicles Encapsulating Microspheres by Centrifugation of a Water-in-oil Emulsion
05:43

Preparation of Giant Vesicles Encapsulating Microspheres by Centrifugation of a Water-in-oil Emulsion

Published on: January 24, 2017

15.3K
In vitro Reconstitution of Cytoskeletal Networks inside Phase Separated Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs)
06:34

In vitro Reconstitution of Cytoskeletal Networks inside Phase Separated Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs)

Published on: June 20, 2025

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 5, 2026

In Vitro Reconstitution of the Actin Cytoskeleton Inside Giant Unilamellar Vesicles
10:19

In Vitro Reconstitution of the Actin Cytoskeleton Inside Giant Unilamellar Vesicles

Published on: August 25, 2022

4.3K
Preparation of Giant Vesicles Encapsulating Microspheres by Centrifugation of a Water-in-oil Emulsion
05:43

Preparation of Giant Vesicles Encapsulating Microspheres by Centrifugation of a Water-in-oil Emulsion

Published on: January 24, 2017

15.3K
In vitro Reconstitution of Cytoskeletal Networks inside Phase Separated Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs)
06:34

In vitro Reconstitution of Cytoskeletal Networks inside Phase Separated Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs)

Published on: June 20, 2025

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cellular Engineering
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • The membrane compartment is crucial for synthetic minimal cells.
  • Lipid vesicles are natural hosts for reconstructing cytomimetic membrane skeletons.
  • Artificial membrane skeletons need to support mechanical functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconstruct a mechanically stable artificial membrane compartment.
  • To investigate the mechanical properties of a reconstructed membrane skeleton.
  • To develop a foundation for synthetic minimal cells.

Main Methods:

  • Reconstruction of a membrane shell using human erythroid cell components.
  • Incorporation of a spectrin skeleton.
  • ATP-dependent energy supply.
  • Structural and mechanical analysis.

Main Results:

  • A membrane shell with a spectrin skeleton was successfully reconstructed.
  • The spectrin skeleton forms a topological network.
  • This network provides mechanical rigidity to the artificial shell.
  • The reconstructed shell exhibits mechanical stability under physiological conditions.

Conclusions:

  • A mechanically stable artificial membrane compartment can be created using biological components.
  • The spectrin-based membrane skeleton offers robust structural support.
  • This approach is promising for the development of synthetic minimal cells.