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Related Concept Videos

Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction01:22

Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction

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The radical dimerization of ketones or aldehydes gives vicinal diols through a pinacol coupling reaction. However, the behavior of titanium metals used for the reaction as a source of electrons is unusual. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of titanium, diols can be isolated at low temperatures. Else titanium further reacts with diols, forming alkenes through the McMurry reaction.
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Radical Reactivity: Concentration Effects01:20

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In a radical reaction, the concentration of starting materials governs the selectivity of a radical. For example, the reaction between an alkyl halide and an alkene, in the presence of tin hydride and AIBN, begins with the generation of a tin radical. The generated radical then abstracts halogen from the alkyl halide, producing an alkyl radical. This alkyl radical can either react with tin hydride, yielding an alkane, or add to an alkene, generating a nitrile-stabilized radical, eventually...
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Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
111
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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4.0K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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Rational Development of Ternary Alloy Electrocatalysts.

Chao Wang, Dongguo Li1, Miaofang Chi2

  • 1‡Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|August 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers evaluated platinum-ternary alloys for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysis. These novel alloys show significantly enhanced activity compared to platinum-based bimetallic and monometallic catalysts, advancing renewable energy technologies.

Keywords:
Pt-ternary catalystshomogeneous alloy nanoparticlesmultimetallic alloysoxygen reduction reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Efficient electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen (ORR) is crucial for renewable energy technologies.
  • Platinum-based catalysts are vital for ORR, but improving their efficiency remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate Pt-ternary alloys (Pt3(MN)1, where M, N = Fe, Co, or Ni) as electrocatalysts for ORR.
  • To establish trends in electrocatalytic activity for these ternary systems.
  • To synthesize and assess ternary alloy nanocatalysts for improved ORR performance.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic evaluation of ternary alloy systems on extended surfaces of polycrystalline thin films.
  • Synthesis of ternary alloy nanocatalysts using a solvothermal approach.
  • Comparative analysis of catalytic activities against monometallic and bimetallic platinum alloys.

Main Results:

  • Pt-ternary alloys demonstrated higher electrocatalytic activities for ORR compared to bimetallic Pt alloys.
  • Improvement factors of up to 4 were observed for ternary alloys relative to monometallic Pt.
  • Established trends in catalytic activity based on the composition of ternary Pt alloys.

Conclusions:

  • Pt-ternary alloys are compelling systems for advancing ORR electrocatalysis.
  • The findings provide a foundation for designing next-generation ORR electrocatalysts.
  • This research contributes to the development of more efficient renewable energy conversion and storage devices.