Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 5, 2026

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
Published on: April 28, 2022
Correlates of Alcohol Use Among Patrons of Alcohol Consumption Venues in Botswana
Mufaro Kanyangarara1, Evelyn Kuor Kumoji2, Ditsotlhe Ketlogetswe3
1Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Abstract:
This study evaluated the correlates of three alcohol measures using a cross-sectional survey conducted among patrons of alcohol-serving venues in Gaborone, Botswana from October 2012 to February 2013. Using logistic regression, we found that engaging in higher levels of sexual risk behaviors was significantly associated with frequent drinking (at least 3 times a week), heavy episodic drinking (more than 6 standard units of alcohol at least weekly) and probable alcohol dependence (AUDIT score ≥20). Additionally, having higher levels of alcohol expectancies that increase the risk of HIV infection was significantly associated with probable alcohol dependence. Although HIV knowledge was generally high in this population, there is need for HIV prevention and alcohol harm reduction efforts to address the role of alcohol in increasing HIV risk and encourage the adoption of safer drinking patterns and the modification of alcohol expectancies.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence
H0: The two variables (factors)...
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Mass Spectrometry: Alcohol Fragmentation
Drug Concentration Versus Time Correlation
Two pivotal parameters are the minimum effective concentration (MEC) and the minimum toxic concentration (MTC). The MEC is the...
Protection of Alcohols
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...

