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Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
Rab proteins switch between a cytosolic, GDP-bound inactive state and a membrane-anchored, GTP-bound active state. By themselves, Rabs show slow rates of GDP/GTP exchange and GTP hydrolysis. Thus, Rab proteins are considered...
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Extraction of Venom and Venom Gland Microdissections from Spiders for Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses
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Latarcins: versatile spider venom peptides.

Peter V Dubovskii1, Alexander A Vassilevski2, Sergey A Kozlov2

  • 1Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya, Moscow, 117997, Russia. peter@nmr.ru.

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Summary

Linear cytolytic peptides from spider venom, like latarcins, show broad antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Their structure and membrane interactions are key for optimizing these potent, naturally occurring compounds for therapeutic use.

Keywords:
Antimicrobial peptideBiologically active compoundsCorrelation analysisCytolytic toxinMechanism of actionStructure–function relationship

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Arthropod venoms contain cytolytic peptides that often work with neurotoxins.
  • These linear peptides are cationic, adopt amphipathic alpha-helical structures in lipid membranes, and possess broad cytotoxicity.
  • Rational engineering can modify their activity spectrum for pharmacological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research on latarcins (Ltc), linear cytolytic peptides from Lachesana tarabaevi spider venom.
  • To explore the structure-activity relationships of Ltc.
  • To identify molecular characteristics for optimizing similar linear peptides.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental and computational techniques to study Ltc structure in membrane-mimicking environments.
  • Investigation of Ltc effects on model lipid bilayers.
  • Confocal laser scanning microscopy to analyze Ltc interactions with erythrocytes and cancer cells.
  • Antibacterial assays against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Main Results:

  • Ltc adopt specific structures in membrane-mimicking environments.
  • Ltc exhibit dose-dependent effects on lipid bilayers, erythrocytes, and cancer cells.
  • Ltc demonstrate antibacterial activity against a range of bacterial species.

Conclusions:

  • Latarcins are promising linear cytolytic peptides with diverse biological activities.
  • Understanding Ltc structure-membrane interactions is crucial for peptide optimization.
  • These findings provide a basis for developing novel membrane-active peptides for therapeutic purposes.