[Sphincter function after low anterior resection of the rectum].

Area of Science:

• Colorectal Surgery
• Surgical Oncology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Historically, very low rectal resections for cancer were avoided due to concerns about oncological radicality and postoperative incontinence.
• The advent of mechanical staplers has enabled surgeons to consider sphincter-saving techniques more readily.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the reconciliation of sphincter-saving techniques with oncological radicality in rectal cancer surgery.
• To highlight the importance of postoperative sphincter function assessment for optimizing surgical outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Review of current surgical practices and technological advancements in rectal cancer surgery.
• Emphasis on accurate pre- and intraoperative staging.
• Postoperative clinical and instrumental assessment of sphincter function.

Main Results:

• Mechanical staplers facilitate the use of sphincter-saving procedures in rectal cancer surgery.
• Accurate staging is crucial for balancing oncological safety with functional preservation.
• Postoperative assessment aids in identifying structures essential for sphincter sensitivity and reflexes.

Conclusions:

• Modern surgical techniques, aided by staplers and accurate staging, allow for improved oncological control and sphincter preservation in rectal cancer.
• Comprehensive postoperative evaluation of sphincter function is vital for refining surgical strategies and improving patient quality of life.
• Early identification of incontinence can lead to effective interventions, such as biofeedback therapy.