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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
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Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
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Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose01:01

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Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
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Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

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Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
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Author Spotlight: Non-Surgical Treatment of Melasma– Microneedling with Tranexamic Acid
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Tranexamic Acid-Induced Fixed Drug Eruption.

Natsuko Matsumura1, Yuka Hanami1, Toshiyuki Yamamoto1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.

Indian Journal of Dermatology
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Tranexamic acid, commonly used for its anti-inflammatory effects, can cause fixed drug eruptions. A patient developed pigmented patches after taking this medication, highlighting the need for caution.

Keywords:
Fixed drug eruptionpatch testtranexamic acid

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Tranexamic acid is frequently prescribed for its anti-fibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a type of adverse drug reaction characterized by recurrent skin lesions at the same site upon re-exposure to the causative agent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of fixed drug eruption induced by tranexamic acid.
  • To investigate the potential of tranexamic acid to cause FDE.

Main Methods:

  • A case study of a 33-year-old male presenting with multiple pigmented patches.
  • Clinical observation and patch testing with 1% and 10% tranexamic acid on lesional skin.

Main Results:

  • The patient developed pigmented patches on the trunk and extremities after oral administration of tranexamic acid.
  • Patch testing confirmed a positive reaction to tranexamic acid at 48 and 72 hours, specifically on the affected skin.
  • This case adds to the nine previously reported instances of tranexamic acid-induced FDE in Japan.

Conclusions:

  • Tranexamic acid, despite its general safety profile, can induce fixed drug eruptions.
  • Clinicians should exercise caution and consider FDE in patients presenting with characteristic skin lesions after tranexamic acid use.