Allergic Inflammation in Aspergillus fumigatus-Induced Fungal Asthma
Sumit Ghosh1, Scott A Hoselton, Jane M Schuh
1Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Dept 7690, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA.
Abstract:
Although fungi are pervasive in many environments, few cause disease in humans. Of these, Aspergillus fumigatus is particularly well suited to be a pathogen of the human lung. Its physical and biological characteristics combine to provide an organism that can cause tremendous morbidity and high mortality if left unchecked. Luckily, that is rarely the case. However, repeated exposure to inhaled A. fumigatus spores often results in an immune response that carries significant immunopathology, exacerbating asthma and changing the structure of the lung with chronic impacts to pulmonary function. This review focuses on the current understanding of the mechanisms that are associated with fungal exposure, sensitization, and infection in asthmatics, as well as the function of various inflammatory cells associated with severe asthma with fungal sensitization.
Insights
Aspergillus fumigatus spores can trigger immune responses in the lungs, worsening asthma and causing chronic lung damage. Understanding fungal sensitization in asthmatics is key to managing severe allergic lung conditions.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Mycology
- Immunology
Background:
- Fungi, particularly Aspergillus fumigatus, are common environmental organisms.
- While rarely causing direct infection, A. fumigatus spores can trigger significant immune responses in humans.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms of fungal exposure, sensitization, and infection in asthmatics.
- To explore the role of inflammatory cells in severe asthma with fungal sensitization.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current understanding.
- Focus on immunological and pathological mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Repeated exposure to A. fumigatus spores can lead to immunopathology.
- This immune response exacerbates asthma and causes chronic lung structural changes.
Conclusions:
- Fungal sensitization is a significant factor in severe asthma.
- Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for managing allergic lung diseases.
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