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Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
Published on: May 2, 2013
Vaccination in patients with primary immune deficiency, secondary immune deficiency and autoimmunity with immune
Martha M Eibl1, Hermann M Wolf1
1Immunology Outpatient Clinic, Schwarzspanierstrasse 15,1090 Vienna, Austria.
Abstract:
Vaccination has been an important healthcare measure in preventing infectious diseases. The response to vaccination is reduced in immunocompromised patients, primary immune deficiency (PID) and secondary immune deficiency (SID), but vaccination studies still demonstrated a protective effect resulting in reducing complications, hospitalization, treatment costs and even mortality. The primary physician and the specialist directing patient care are responsible for vaccination. Live vaccines are contraindicated in patients with severe immune impairment, killed vaccines are highly recommended in PID and SID. Criteria have been defined to distinguish high- or low-level immune impairment in the different disease entities among PID and SID patients. For patients who do not respond to diagnostic vaccination as characterized by antibody failure immunoglobulin replacement is the mainstay of therapy.
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