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Physical activity and brain development.

Sérgio Gomes da Silva1, Ricardo Mario Arida

  • 1a 1 Instituto do Cérebro, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701, Morumbi, CEP: 06780-110 São Paulo - SP, Brazil.

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Regular physical activity positively influences brain development and cognitive function throughout life. This review explores the neurobiological mechanisms behind how exercise benefits the developing brain in humans and animals.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Brain development is sensitive to environmental stimuli, impacting lifelong cognitive function.
  • Physical activity is a key environmental factor with demonstrated positive effects on brain maturation.
  • Previous research indicates improved cognitive performance linked to maternal and individual exercise habits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the positive effects of physical activity on brain development.
  • To consolidate evidence from human and animal studies on exercise and cognitive function.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of how physical activity shapes brain maturation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of human and animal studies.
  • Analysis of research on exercise during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence.
  • Examination of studies investigating exercise effects on cognitive performance in developing rodents.

Main Results:

  • Consistent evidence shows physical activity enhances cognitive performance in developing humans and animals.
  • Exercise during critical developmental periods positively modulates brain maturation.
  • Neurobiological pathways are proposed to mediate the cognitive benefits of physical activity.

Conclusions:

  • Physical activity is a crucial factor for optimal brain development and lifelong cognitive health.
  • Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms can inform interventions promoting brain health.
  • Further research into these mechanisms can optimize strategies for enhancing cognitive function through exercise.