Enrichment of Paramagnetic Ions from Homogeneous Solutions in Inhomogeneous Magnetic Fields

Applying interferometry to an aqueous solution of paramagnetic manganese ions, subjected to an inhomogeneous magnetic field, we observe an unexpected but highly reproducible change in the refractive index. This change occurs in the top layer of the solution, closest to the magnet. The shape of the layer is in accord with the spatial distribution of the largest component of the magnetic field gradient force. It turns out that this layer is heavier than the underlying solution because it undergoes a Rayleigh-Taylor instability upon removal of the magnet. The very good agreement between the magnitudes of buoyancy, associated with this layer, and the field gradient force at steady state provides conclusive evidence that the layer formation results from an enrichment of paramagnetic manganese ions in regions of high magnetic field gradient.